{"url":"https://creaturedata.com/animals/atlantic-puffin","data_as_of":"2026-11-11T10:46:03.145Z","schema_version":"0.1.0-fixture","summary":"The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) is a species in the family Alcidae, order Charadriiformes. Recorded adults weigh about 376 g. It has been recorded in 34 countries, most often in United Kingdom, United States and Norway. Its IUCN Red List status is Vulnerable.","taxon":{"id":2481353,"slug":"atlantic-puffin","rank":"species","scientific_name":"Fratercula arctica","authorship":"(Linnaeus, 1758)","preferred_common_name":"Atlantic puffin","common_names":[{"name":"Atlantic puffin","lang":"en"},{"name":"Macareux moine","lang":"fr"},{"name":"Papageitaucher","lang":"de"},{"name":"Fradinho","lang":"pt"},{"name":"papegaaiduiker","lang":"nl"},{"name":"lunnefågel","lang":"sv"},{"name":"ニシツノメドリ","lang":"ja"},{"name":"北极海鹦","lang":"zh"},{"name":"بفن أطلسي","lang":"ar"},{"name":"Атлантический тупик","lang":"ru"},{"name":"Frailecillo atlántico","lang":"es"},{"name":"Тупик","lang":"ru"},{"name":"Pulcinella di mare","lang":"it"},{"name":"papagaio-do-mar","lang":"pt"},{"name":"Puffin","lang":"en"},{"name":"papagaio-do-mar-do-atlântico","lang":"pt"}],"synonyms":["Alca arctica"],"lineage":[{"id":1,"rank":"kingdom","name":"Animalia"},{"id":44,"rank":"phylum","name":"Chordata"},{"id":212,"rank":"class","name":"Aves"},{"id":7192402,"rank":"order","name":"Charadriiformes"},{"id":2985,"rank":"family","name":"Alcidae"},{"id":2481352,"rank":"genus","name":"Fratercula"}],"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","class":"Aves","order":"Charadriiformes","family":"Alcidae","genus":"Fratercula","parent_id":2481352,"is_extinct":false,"body_mass_g":376,"body_mass_g_min":376,"body_mass_g_max":376,"body_length_cm":null,"body_length_cm_min":null,"body_length_cm_max":null,"height_cm":27.94,"height_cm_min":27.94,"height_cm_max":27.94,"wingspan_cm":55,"wingspan_cm_min":55,"wingspan_cm_max":55,"lifespan_year":null,"lifespan_year_min":null,"lifespan_year_max":null,"gestation_day":null,"gestation_day_min":null,"gestation_day_max":null,"incubation_day":null,"incubation_day_min":null,"incubation_day_max":null,"litter_size":null,"litter_size_min":null,"litter_size_max":null,"habitat":[],"main_food":[],"size_class":"small","iucn_category":"VU","countries":["GB","US","NO","CA","IS","FO","SE","SJ","IE","ES","FR","RU","GL","PT","NL","PM","IM","DK","BE","DE","GG","JE","FI","IT","GI","MA","BM","PL","TZ","EH","IL","LT","NZ","TT"],"primary_image":{"url":"https://creaturedata.com/media/79.jpg","width":1280,"height":1280,"creator":"Charles J. 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Sharp · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons","source_id":"commons","source_record_id":"File:Puffin (Fratercula arctica).jpg","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puffin_(Fratercula_arctica).jpg","sex":null,"life_stage":null,"quality_score":null,"is_primary":true,"display_ok":true,"stored_key":"79.jpg"},{"id":80,"taxon_id":2481353,"kind":"audio","original_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Atlantic_Puffin_%28Fratercula_arctica%29_%28W1CDR0001416_BD3%29.ogg","display_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Atlantic_Puffin_%28Fratercula_arctica%29_%28W1CDR0001416_BD3%29.ogg","width":null,"height":null,"duration":null,"mime":"application/ogg","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","licence_tier":"amber","share_alike":true,"creator":null,"credit":"This file has been provided by the British Library from its digital collections. Links to the British Library's website may be broken as the library recovers from a October 2023 cyber attack, and will be updated once material becomes accessible online. For more information on the attack see: https://www.bl.uk/about/cyber-attack It is also made available on a British Library website .","attribution_text":"CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons","source_id":"commons","source_record_id":"File:Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) (W1CDR0001416 BD3).ogg","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlantic_Puffin_(Fratercula_arctica)_(W1CDR0001416_BD3).ogg","sex":null,"life_stage":null,"quality_score":null,"is_primary":false,"display_ok":true}],"text_blocks":[{"lang":"en","section":"intro","body_text":"The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica), also known as the common puffin, is a species of seabird in the auk family. It is the only puffin native to the Atlantic Ocean; two related species, the tufted puffin and the horned puffin, are found in the northeastern Pacific. The Atlantic puffin breeds in Russia, Iceland, Ireland, Britain, Norway, Greenland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and the Faroe Islands, and as far south as Maine in the west and France (Brittany). It is most commonly found in the Westman Islands, Iceland. Although it has a large population and a wide range, the species has declined rapidly, at least in parts of its range, resulting in it being rated as vulnerable by the IUCN. On land, it has the typical upright stance of an auk. At sea, it swims on the surface and feeds on zooplankton, small fish, and crabs, which it catches by diving underwater, using its wings for propulsion.\nThis puffin has a black crown and back, light grey cheek patches, and a white body and underparts. Its broad, boldly marked red-and-black beak and orange legs contrast with its plumage. It moults while at sea in the winter, and some of the brightly coloured facial characteristics are lost, with colour returning during the spring. The external appearances of the adult male and female are identical, though the male is usually slightly larger. The juvenile has similar plumage, but its cheek patches are dark grey. The juvenile does not have brightly coloured head ornamentation, its bill is narrower and is dark grey with a yellowish-brown tip, and its legs and feet are also dark. Puffins from northern populations are typically larger than those in the south, and these populations are generally considered to be a different subspecies.\nSpending the autumn and winter in the open ocean of the cold northern seas, the Atlantic puffin returns to coastal areas at the start of the breeding season in late spring. It nests in clifftop colonies, digging a burrow in which a single white egg is laid. Chicks mostly feed on whole fish and grow rapidly. After about 6 weeks, they are fully fledged and make their way at night to the sea. They swim away from the shore and do not return to land for several years.\nColonies are mostly on islands with no terrestrial predators, but adult birds and newly fledged chicks are at risk of attacks from the air by gulls and skuas. The puffin's striking appearance, large, colourful bill, waddling gait, and behaviour have given rise to nicknames such as \"clown of the sea\" or \"sea parrot\". It is the official bird of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.","source_id":"enwiki","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_puffin","revision":1384966593,"licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","licence_tier":"amber","share_alike":true,"display_ok":true,"attribution":"Wikipedia contributors, “Atlantic puffin”","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"}],"external_ids":[{"source":"gbif","label":"GBIF","external_id":"2481353","url":"https://www.gbif.org/species/2481353","match_type":"exact_accepted","confidence":1},{"source":"wikidata","label":"Wikidata","external_id":"Q26685","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26685","match_type":"exact_accepted","confidence":1},{"source":"enwiki","label":"Wikipedia","external_id":"Atlantic puffin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_puffin","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"ncbi","label":"NCBI Taxonomy","external_id":"28701","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=28701","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"itis","label":"ITIS","external_id":"177025","url":"https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=177025","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"eol","label":"Encyclopedia of Life","external_id":"45509370","url":"https://eol.org/pages/45509370","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"inaturalist","label":"iNaturalist","external_id":"4504","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/4504","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"worms","label":"WoRMS","external_id":"137131","url":"https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137131","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1}],"sources":[{"source_id":"gbif","name":"GBIF Backbone Taxonomy","url":"https://www.gbif.org/dataset/d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"GBIF Secretariat. 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