Boreal owl
Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758)
The boreal owl (Aegolius funereus), also called Tengmalm's owl, is a small owl in the family Strigidae and subfamily Surniinae, within the order Strigiformes. It is a carnivore of forest habitats with a perching lifestyle, and it is partially migratory.

Quick facts about the boreal owl
Adults weigh 137.2 g as a representative value, from 107 to 167 g, and the wingspan is 56 cm, from 50 to 62 cm. The IUCN Red List assesses it globally as Least Concern, which is not a threatened category.
- Weight
- 107 g – 167 gsrc for Weight
- Length
- Not recorded
- Wingspan
- 50 cm – 62 cmsrc for Wingspan
- Lifespan
- 11 years – 15.9 yearssrc for Lifespan
- Diet
- Carnivoresrc for Diet
- Main food
- Not recorded
- Habitat
- forestsrc for Habitat
- Egg incubation
- 27.8 dayssrc for Egg incubation
- Young per litter or clutch
- 5.15src for Young per litter or clutch
- Age at maturity
- 12 monthssrc for Age at maturity
- Litters or clutches a year
- 1src for Litters or clutches a year
- Active
- At night (nocturnal)src for Active
- Lifestyle
- Perchingsrc for Lifestyle
- Migration
- Partialsrc for Migration
- Conservation status
- Least Concern (IUCN)src for Conservation status
- Countries on record
- Not recorded
How big is the boreal owl?
Photos of the boreal owl
Only freely licensed photos are shown. Each carries its creator and licence.







Where does the boreal owl live?
Not recorded
What is the boreal owl?
The boreal owl or Tengmalm's owl (Aegolius funereus) is a small owl in the "true owl" family Strigidae. It is known as the boreal owl or, more rarely, Richardson's owl after Sir John Richardson, in North America, and as Tengmalm's owl in Europe and Asia, after the Swedish naturalist Peter Gustaf Tengmalm.
Due to its nocturnal habits and preferred inaccessible taiga forest habitat, it is rarely seen by humans; when met with, it is often extremely confiding, showing little or no fear of people, only flying off if approached to within 3–5 metres.
From the Wikipedia article “Boreal owl” (en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boreal_owl&oldid=1381625480), by Wikipedia contributors, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). This block is kept separate from our own text.
What does the boreal owl sound like?
Is the boreal owl endangered?
The boreal owl is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List: it is not currently at risk of extinction.
- LCLeast Concern
- NTNear Threatened
- VUVulnerable
- ENEndangered
- CRCritically Endangered
- EWExtinct in the Wild
- EXExtinct
Category via Wikidata (CC0). Find the full assessment on the IUCN Red List. See all Least Concern species.
How is the boreal owl classified?
- kingdomAnimalia
- phylumChordata
- classAves
- orderStrigiformes
- familyStrigidae
- genusAegolius
- SpeciesAegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms Cryptoglaux funerea, Cryptoglaux tengmalmi, Glaux funerea, Glaux tengmalmi, Noctua temgmalmi, Nyctala tengmalmi, Strix funerea, Strix tengmalmi
Other names and names in other languages (83)
- Arctic saw-whet owlEnglish
- Sparrow owlEnglish
- Tengmalm's owlEnglish
- Tengmalm's owlEnglish
- The blind oneEnglish
- بومة شماليةArabic
- البومة الصغيرة قبسة، بومةArabic
- MuchueletaAragonese
- curuxa de TengmalmAsturian
- Qütb bayquşuAzerbaijani
- Касматаногі сычBelarusian
- Касматаногi сычBelarusian
- Пернатонога кукумявкаBulgarian
- Kaouenn-dTengmalmBreton
- mussol pirinencCatalan
- ПырташтыманаMari
- Тӗк ураллӑ тӑманаChuvash
- Тĕклĕ уралла тăманаChuvash
- sýc rousnýCzech
- tylluan TengmalmWelsh
- PerleugleDanish
- RaufußkauzGerman
- RauhfußkauzGerman
- ΑιγωλιόςGreek
- Funebra strigoEsperanto
- boreala strigetoEsperanto
- Lechuza borealSpanish
- Mochuelo borealSpanish
- laanekakkEstonian
- karvasjalg-kakkEstonian
- karvasjalg-kakk e. laanekakkEstonian
- helmipöllöFinnish
- Hjómut uglaFaroese
- nyctale de TengmalmFrench
- Chouette de TengmalmFrench
- Ulchabhán mórIrish
- Moucho de TengmalmGalician
- Hullad LoghlynnaghManx
- כוס חוםHebrew
- planinski ćukCroatian
- Mrtvačka sovicaCroatian
- gatyáskuvikHungarian
- Բու թավշաոտArmenian
- Թավշաոտ բվիկArmenian
- SkálmuglaIcelandic
- Civetta capogrossoItalian
- キンメフクロウJapanese
- キンメフクロウ(金目梟)Japanese
- ბუკიოტიGeorgian
- Тасхачахkjn
- Орман байғызыKazakh
- 북방올빼미Korean
- KazekappLuxembourgish
- paprastoji lututėLithuanian
- LututėLithuanian
- bikšainais apogsLatvian
- пардаштумнаMari
- шумска кукумјавкаMacedonian
- Јакеста кукумјавкаMacedonian
- Савагт уульMongolian
- Burung hantu telinga pendekMalay
- RuigpootuilDutch
- włochatka (zwyczajna)Polish
- WłochatkaPolish
- mocho-funéreoPortuguese
- Mocho de TengmalmPortuguese
- Tschuetta pailusaRomansh
- MinuniţăRomanian
- Мохноногий сычRussian
- IdjaloddiNorthern Sami
- bearalskuolfiNorthern Sami
- idjaskuolfiNorthern Sami
- pôtik kapcavýSlovak
- koconogi čukSlovenian
- Kukuvajka e TengmalnitAlbanian
- Gaćasta kukumavkaSerbian
- Gacasta kukumavka - Гачаста кукумавкаSerbian
- pärlugglaSwedish
- Paçalı BaykuşTurkish
- Селбегер буттуг ыйбааңгы үгүTuvinian
- сич волохатийUkrainian
- 鬼鴞Chinese
- 鬼鸮Chinese
Catalogue of LifeWikipediaiNaturalistTAXREFWikidataWoRMSIUCN Red List
Relatives of the boreal owl
Other species in the same genus Aegolius.
Whetsaw
Aegolius acadicus
Buff-fronted owl
Aegolius harrisii
Unspotted saw-whet owl
Aegolius ridgwayi
Bermuda saw-whet owl
Aegolius gradyi
CompareBoreal owl vs WhetsawBoreal owl vs Buff-fronted owlBoreal owl vs Unspotted saw-whet owlBoreal owl vs Bermuda saw-whet owl
Common questions
Each answer is written from the sourced facts on this page, and only where they hold the answer.
What kind of animal is the boreal owl?
The boreal owl is a bird, an owl in the family Strigidae and order Strigiformes.
How big is the boreal owl?
It is a small owl weighing 137.2 g as a representative value, from 107 to 167 g, with a wingspan of 56 cm, from 50 to 62 cm.
What does the boreal owl eat?
The boreal owl is a carnivore.
What habitat does the boreal owl live in?
It lives in forest habitats and has a perching lifestyle.
Is the boreal owl endangered?
No. The IUCN Red List assesses it globally as Least Concern, which is not a threatened category.
How long does the boreal owl live?
Its lifespan is 11 years, with values up to 15.9 years reported.
How many eggs does the boreal owl lay?
It lays 5 eggs per clutch and has 1 clutch per year, with an incubation period of 28 days.
Sources and how to cite this page
Data as of 2026-11-11. How this page is put together.
- An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles · CC0 1.0 · E096-269
Myhrvold, N.P., Baldridge, E., Chan, B., Sivam, D., Freeman, D.L. & Ernest, S.K.M. (2015) An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96: 3109. https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0846R.1. Data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3563457.v1 - AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds · CC BY 4.0 · v7
Tobias, J.A. et al. (2022) AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters 25: 581–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898. Data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16586228.v7 - Catalogue of Life eXtended Release · CC BY 4.0 · 2026-10-16 XR
Catalogue of Life (2026). Catalogue of Life eXtended Release, version 2026-10-16 XR. Catalogue of Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.48580/dgzlf - Wikimedia Commons · per file (CC0 / public domain / CC BY green, CC BY-SA amber, anything else not displayed) · 2026-11-11
Wikimedia Commons contributors. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org (each file credited to its author under its own licence). - Wikidata · CC0 1.0 · 2026-11-11
Wikidata contributors. Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org (data retrieved via the Wikidata Query Service). - Wikipedia (English) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 2026-11-11
Wikipedia contributors. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org (text under CC BY-SA 4.0; each block names its article and revision).
Embed a card for this animal on your own site
Copy this code. The card shows the photo with its credit, key facts and a link back to this page.
CreatureData. (2026). Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus). Retrieved from https://creaturedata.com/animals/boreal-owl
“Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus).” CreatureData, 2026, https://creaturedata.com/animals/boreal-owl.
@misc{boreal_owl_2026,
title = {Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus)},
author = {{CreatureData}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://creaturedata.com/animals/boreal-owl},
note = {Data as of 2026-11-11}
}