{"url":"https://creaturedata.com/animals/emperor-penguin","data_as_of":"2026-11-11T10:46:03.145Z","schema_version":"0.1.0-fixture","summary":"The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is a species in the family Spheniscidae, order Sphenisciformes. It has been recorded in 17 countries, most often in Antarctica, Heard & McDonald Islands and New Zealand. Its IUCN Red List status is Near Threatened.","taxon":{"id":2481661,"slug":"emperor-penguin","rank":"species","scientific_name":"Aptenodytes forsteri","authorship":"G.R.Gray, 1844","preferred_common_name":"Emperor penguin","common_names":[{"name":"Emperor penguin","lang":"en"},{"name":"Manchot empereur","lang":"fr"},{"name":"Kaiserpinguin","lang":"de"},{"name":"Pinguim-imperador","lang":"pt"},{"name":"Pinguino Imperatore","lang":"it"},{"name":"keizerspinguïn","lang":"nl"},{"name":"kejsarpingvin","lang":"sv"},{"name":"コウテイペンギン","lang":"ja"},{"name":"帝企鹅","lang":"zh"},{"name":"بطريق إمبراطور","lang":"ar"},{"name":"императорский пингвин","lang":"ru"},{"name":"Pingüino emperador","lang":"es"},{"name":"pinguim-imperador ","lang":"pt"},{"name":"البطريق الإمبراطور","lang":"ar"}],"synonyms":[],"lineage":[{"id":1,"rank":"kingdom","name":"Animalia"},{"id":44,"rank":"phylum","name":"Chordata"},{"id":212,"rank":"class","name":"Aves"},{"id":7190978,"rank":"order","name":"Sphenisciformes"},{"id":5284,"rank":"family","name":"Spheniscidae"},{"id":2481659,"rank":"genus","name":"Aptenodytes"}],"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","class":"Aves","order":"Sphenisciformes","family":"Spheniscidae","genus":"Aptenodytes","parent_id":2481659,"is_extinct":false,"body_mass_g":null,"body_mass_g_min":null,"body_mass_g_max":null,"body_length_cm":null,"body_length_cm_min":null,"body_length_cm_max":null,"height_cm":null,"height_cm_min":null,"height_cm_max":null,"wingspan_cm":null,"wingspan_cm_min":null,"wingspan_cm_max":null,"lifespan_year":null,"lifespan_year_min":null,"lifespan_year_max":null,"gestation_day":null,"gestation_day_min":null,"gestation_day_max":null,"incubation_day":null,"incubation_day_min":null,"incubation_day_max":null,"litter_size":null,"litter_size_min":null,"litter_size_max":null,"habitat":[],"main_food":[],"size_class":null,"iucn_category":"NT","countries":["AQ","HM","NZ","AU","FR","TF","US","CA","AR","CL","BE","DK","FI","GL","GS","NA","ZA"],"primary_image":{"url":"https://creaturedata.com/media/50.jpg","width":1280,"height":2055,"creator":"Ian Duffy from UK","licence":"CC BY 2.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aptenodytes_forsteri_-Snow_Hill_Island,_Antarctica_-adults_and_juvenile-8.jpg"},"completeness_score":81,"popularity_score":76,"has_image":true,"has_audio":false,"has_description":true,"groups":["birds","penguins"]},"facts":{"body_mass_g":null,"body_mass_g_min":null,"body_mass_g_max":null,"body_length_cm":null,"body_length_cm_min":null,"body_length_cm_max":null,"height_cm":null,"height_cm_min":null,"height_cm_max":null,"wingspan_cm":null,"wingspan_cm_min":null,"wingspan_cm_max":null,"lifespan_year":null,"lifespan_year_min":null,"lifespan_year_max":null,"gestation_day":null,"gestation_day_min":null,"gestation_day_max":null,"incubation_day":null,"incubation_day_min":null,"incubation_day_max":null,"litter_size":null,"litter_size_min":null,"litter_size_max":null,"habitat":[],"main_food":[],"size_class":null},"trait_values":[{"trait_key":"body_mass","value_num":425,"value_text":null,"unit":"g","orig_value":"425","orig_unit":"g","sex":null,"life_stage":"birth weight","measure":null,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11","source_record_id":"Q161829#P2067","source_url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161829#P2067","citation":"Wikidata contributors. Wikidata, the free knowledge base.","licence":"CC0 1.0","confidence":null}],"conservation":[{"scheme":"IUCN","category":"NT","trend":null,"scope":"global","as_of":null,"url":"https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=Aptenodytes%20forsteri&searchType=species","source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11","source_record_id":"Q161829#P141","source_url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161829#P141"}],"common_names":[{"name":"Emperor penguin","lang":"en","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Manchot empereur","lang":"fr","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Kaiserpinguin","lang":"de","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Pinguim-imperador","lang":"pt","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Pinguino Imperatore","lang":"it","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"keizerspinguïn","lang":"nl","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"kejsarpingvin","lang":"sv","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"コウテイペンギン","lang":"ja","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"帝企鹅","lang":"zh","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"بطريق إمبراطور","lang":"ar","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"императорский пингвин","lang":"ru","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Pingüino emperador","lang":"es","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"pinguim-imperador ","lang":"pt","region":null,"is_preferred":false,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"البطريق الإمبراطور","lang":"ar","region":null,"is_preferred":false,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"}],"synonyms":[],"countries":[{"kind":"country","code":"AQ","name":"Antarctica","slug":"antarctica","establishment":null,"record_count":108192,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"HM","name":"Heard & McDonald Islands","slug":"heard-mcdonald-islands","establishment":null,"record_count":687,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"NZ","name":"New Zealand","slug":"new-zealand","establishment":null,"record_count":14,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"AU","name":"Australia","slug":"australia","establishment":null,"record_count":13,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"FR","name":"France","slug":"france","establishment":null,"record_count":10,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"TF","name":"French Southern Territories","slug":"french-southern-territories","establishment":null,"record_count":10,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"US","name":"United States","slug":"united-states","establishment":null,"record_count":9,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"CA","name":"Canada","slug":"canada","establishment":null,"record_count":6,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"AR","name":"Argentina","slug":"argentina","establishment":null,"record_count":4,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"CL","name":"Chile","slug":"chile","establishment":null,"record_count":4,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"BE","name":"Belgium","slug":"belgium","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"DK","name":"Denmark","slug":"denmark","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"FI","name":"Finland","slug":"finland","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"GL","name":"Greenland","slug":"greenland","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"GS","name":"South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands","slug":"south-georgia-south-sandwich-islands","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"NA","name":"Namibia","slug":"namibia","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"ZA","name":"South Africa","slug":"south-africa","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"}],"media":[{"id":50,"taxon_id":2481661,"kind":"image","original_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Aptenodytes_forsteri_-Snow_Hill_Island%2C_Antarctica_-adults_and_juvenile-8.jpg","display_url":"https://creaturedata.com/media/50.jpg","width":1280,"height":2055,"duration":null,"mime":"image/jpeg","licence":"CC BY 2.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","licence_tier":"green","share_alike":false,"creator":"Ian Duffy from UK","credit":"Animal Portraits Uploaded by Snowmanradio","attribution_text":"Ian Duffy from UK · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikimedia Commons","source_id":"commons","source_record_id":"File:Aptenodytes forsteri -Snow Hill Island, Antarctica -adults and juvenile-8.jpg","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aptenodytes_forsteri_-Snow_Hill_Island,_Antarctica_-adults_and_juvenile-8.jpg","sex":null,"life_stage":null,"quality_score":null,"is_primary":true,"display_ok":true,"stored_key":"50.jpg"},{"id":51,"taxon_id":2481661,"kind":"image","original_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Penguin_in_Antarctica_jumping_out_of_the_water.jpg","display_url":"https://creaturedata.com/media/51.jpg","width":1280,"height":851,"duration":null,"mime":"image/jpeg","licence":"CC BY 2.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","licence_tier":"green","share_alike":false,"creator":"Christopher Michel","credit":"Antarctica","attribution_text":"Christopher Michel · CC BY 2.0 · via Wikimedia Commons","source_id":"commons","source_record_id":"File:Penguin in Antarctica jumping out of the water.jpg","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Penguin_in_Antarctica_jumping_out_of_the_water.jpg","sex":null,"life_stage":null,"quality_score":null,"is_primary":false,"display_ok":true,"stored_key":"51.jpg"},{"id":52,"taxon_id":2481661,"kind":"image","original_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Penguin_diving_statistics.svg","display_url":"https://creaturedata.com/media/52.png","width":1280,"height":909,"duration":null,"mime":"image/svg+xml","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","licence_tier":"amber","share_alike":true,"creator":"Goran_tek-en","credit":"Own work This file was derived from: Penguin Dive (8745831186).jpg Penguins diving.jpg Information from: Emperor penguin, 565 m Constant Weight Freediving (CWT), female 102 m, male 120 m Requested by and knowledge from MPF","attribution_text":"Goran_tek-en · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons","source_id":"commons","source_record_id":"File:Penguin diving statistics.svg","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Penguin_diving_statistics.svg","sex":null,"life_stage":null,"quality_score":null,"is_primary":false,"display_ok":true,"stored_key":"52.png"},{"id":53,"taxon_id":2481661,"kind":"image","original_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/202501_Emperor_penguin.svg","display_url":"https://creaturedata.com/media/53.png","width":1280,"height":1920,"duration":null,"mime":"image/svg+xml","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","licence_tier":"green","share_alike":false,"creator":"DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS)","credit":"https://doi.org/10.7875/togopic.2025.005","attribution_text":"DataBase Center for Life Science (DBCLS) · CC BY 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons","source_id":"commons","source_record_id":"File:202501 Emperor penguin.svg","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:202501_Emperor_penguin.svg","sex":null,"life_stage":null,"quality_score":null,"is_primary":false,"display_ok":true,"stored_key":"53.png"}],"text_blocks":[{"lang":"en","section":"intro","body_text":"The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica. The male and female are similar in plumage and size, reaching 100 cm (39 in) in length and weighing from 22 to 45 kg (49 to 99 lb). Feathers of the head and back are black and sharply delineated from the white belly, pale-yellow breast and bright-yellow ear patches.\nLike all species of penguin, the emperor is flightless, with a streamlined body, and wings stiffened and flattened into flippers for a marine habitat. Its diet consists primarily of fish, but also includes crustaceans, such as krill, and cephalopods, such as squid. While hunting, the species can remain submerged around 20 minutes, diving to a depth of 535 m (1,755 ft). It has several adaptations to facilitate this, including an unusually structured haemoglobin to allow it to function at low oxygen levels, solid bones to reduce barotrauma, and the ability to reduce its metabolism and shut down non-essential organ functions.\nThe only penguin species that breeds during the Antarctic winter, emperor penguins trek 50–120 km (31–75 mi) over the ice to breeding colonies which can contain up to several thousand individuals. The female lays a single egg, which is incubated for just over two months by the male while the female returns to the sea to feed; parents subsequently take turns foraging at sea and caring for their chick in the colony. The lifespan of an emperor penguin is typically 20 years in the wild, although observations suggest that some individuals may live as long as 50 years of age.","source_id":"enwiki","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_penguin","revision":1377089235,"licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","licence_tier":"amber","share_alike":true,"display_ok":true,"attribution":"Wikipedia contributors, “Emperor penguin”","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"}],"external_ids":[{"source":"gbif","label":"GBIF","external_id":"2481661","url":"https://www.gbif.org/species/2481661","match_type":"exact_accepted","confidence":1},{"source":"wikidata","label":"Wikidata","external_id":"Q161829","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161829","match_type":"exact_accepted","confidence":1},{"source":"enwiki","label":"Wikipedia","external_id":"Emperor penguin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_penguin","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"ncbi","label":"NCBI Taxonomy","external_id":"9233","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=9233","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"itis","label":"ITIS","external_id":"174449","url":"https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=174449","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"eol","label":"Encyclopedia of Life","external_id":"45512074","url":"https://eol.org/pages/45512074","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"inaturalist","label":"iNaturalist","external_id":"3820","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3820","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"worms","label":"WoRMS","external_id":"225773","url":"https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225773","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1}],"sources":[{"source_id":"gbif","name":"GBIF Backbone Taxonomy","url":"https://www.gbif.org/dataset/d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"wikidata","name":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/","licence":"CC0 1.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","citation":"Wikidata contributors. Wikidata, the free knowledge base.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"gbif_occ","name":"GBIF occurrence aggregates (CC0 and CC BY records only)","url":"https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"GBIF.org occurrence search, country facet counts restricted to CC0 1.0 and CC BY 4.0 records.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"commons","name":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/","licence":"Per file","licence_url":null,"citation":"Wikimedia Commons contributors. Licence and creator recorded per file.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"enwiki","name":"English Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","citation":"Wikipedia contributors. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"}]}