# Hamadryas baboon (*Papio hamadryas*)

Canonical page: https://creaturedata.com/animals/hamadryas-baboon  
Data as of: 2026-11-11

The hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas), also called the Thoth baboon or Sacred baboon, is a primate in the family Cercopithecidae, order Primates, class Mammalia. It is a medium-sized, diurnal, terrestrial herbivore with a representative adult body mass of 21.25 kg, and reported adult body mass values from 13.92 to 22.96 kg. Each litter has 1 young after a gestation period of 179.3 days, with 0.8 litters per year, and sexual maturity is reached at 4.6 years. Its lifespan is given as 37.5 years, with values up to 45 years, and the IUCN Red List classes it as Least Concern, which is not a threatened category.

## Quick facts

| Fact | Value |
|---|---|
| Weight | 13.9 kg – 23 kg |
| Length | Not recorded |
| Lifespan | 37.5 years |
| Diet | Herbivore |
| Longest recorded lifespan | 45 years |
| Main food | Not recorded |
| Habitat | Not recorded |
| Gestation | 179 days |
| Young per litter or clutch | 1 |
| Age at maturity | 4.33 years – 4.82 years |
| Litters or clutches a year | 0.8 |
| Active | By day (diurnal) |
| Lifestyle | Terrestrial |
| Conservation status | Least Concern (IUCN) |
| Countries on record | Not recorded |

## Classification

- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Chordata
- class: Mammalia
- order: Primates
- family: Cercopithecidae
- genus: Papio
- species: *Papio hamadryas* (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms: *Cynocephalus wagleri*, *Hamadryas aegyptiaca*, *Hamadryas chaeropitheus*, *Papio arabicus*, *Papio brockmani*, *Simia cynamolgus*, *Simia hamadryas*, *Theropithecus nedjo*

## Common questions

### How heavy is a hamadryas baboon?

The hamadryas baboon has a representative adult body mass of 21.25 kg, with reported values from 13.92 to 22.96 kg.

### What does the hamadryas baboon eat?

The hamadryas baboon is a herbivore.

### Is the hamadryas baboon endangered?

No. The hamadryas baboon is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, which is not a threatened category.

### How long does a hamadryas baboon live?

The hamadryas baboon has a lifespan of 37.5 years, with values reported up to 45 years.

### What kind of animal is the hamadryas baboon?

The hamadryas baboon is a mammal in the order Primates and the family Cercopithecidae.

### Who named the hamadryas baboon?

The hamadryas baboon was named Papio hamadryas by (Linnaeus, 1758).

### How many young does a hamadryas baboon have?

The hamadryas baboon has 1 young per litter, with 0.8 litters per year and a gestation period of 179.3 days.

### Is the hamadryas baboon active by day or night?

The hamadryas baboon is diurnal and terrestrial.

## Sources

- [An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles](https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3563457.v1), CC0 1.0, E096-269. Myhrvold, N.P., Baldridge, E., Chan, B., Sivam, D., Freeman, D.L. & Ernest, S.K.M. (2015) An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96: 3109. https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0846R.1. Data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3563457.v1
- [Catalogue of Life eXtended Release](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/316691), CC BY 4.0, 2026-10-16 XR. Catalogue of Life (2026). Catalogue of Life eXtended Release, version 2026-10-16 XR. Catalogue of Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.48580/dgzlf
- [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org), per file (CC0 / public domain / CC BY green, CC BY-SA amber, anything else not displayed), 2026-11-11. Wikimedia Commons contributors. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org (each file credited to its author under its own licence).
- [EltonTraits 1.0: species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals](https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3559887.v1), CC0 1.0, 1.0. Wilman, H., Belmaker, J., Simpson, J., de la Rosa, C., Rivadeneira, M.M. & Jetz, W. (2014) EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95: 2027. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1. Data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3559887.v1
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org), CC0 1.0, 2026-11-11. Wikidata contributors. Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org (data retrieved via the Wikidata Query Service).
- [Wikipedia (English)](https://en.wikipedia.org), CC BY-SA 4.0, 2026-11-11. Wikipedia contributors. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org (text under CC BY-SA 4.0; each block names its article and revision).

Cite as: Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). Retrieved from https://creaturedata.com/animals/hamadryas-baboon