{"url":"https://creaturedata.com/animals/king-cobra","data_as_of":"2026-11-11T10:46:03.145Z","schema_version":"0.1.0-fixture","summary":"The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is a species in the family Elapidae. It has been recorded in 22 countries, most often in India, Thailand and Indonesia. Its IUCN Red List status is Vulnerable.","taxon":{"id":2469850,"slug":"king-cobra","rank":"species","scientific_name":"Ophiophagus hannah","authorship":"(Cantor, 1836)","preferred_common_name":"King cobra","common_names":[{"name":"King cobra","lang":"en"},{"name":"Cobra royal","lang":"fr"},{"name":"Königskobra","lang":"de"},{"name":"Cobra-real","lang":"pt"},{"name":"koningscobra","lang":"nl"},{"name":"kungskobra","lang":"sv"},{"name":"キングコブラ","lang":"ja"},{"name":"眼镜王蛇","lang":"zh"},{"name":"ملك الكوبرا","lang":"ar"},{"name":"नागराज","lang":"hi"},{"name":"королевская кобра","lang":"ru"},{"name":"Hamadryad","lang":"en"},{"name":"гамадриад","lang":"ru"}],"synonyms":["Dendraspis bungarus","Dendraspis hannah","Hamadryas elaps","Hamadryas hannah","Hamadryas ophiophagus","Naja bungarus","Naja hannah","Naja ingens","Naja vittata","Ophiophagus elaps"],"lineage":[{"id":1,"rank":"kingdom","name":"Animalia"},{"id":44,"rank":"phylum","name":"Chordata"},{"id":11592253,"rank":"class","name":"Squamata"},{"id":9455,"rank":"family","name":"Elapidae"},{"id":2469849,"rank":"genus","name":"Ophiophagus"}],"kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","class":"Squamata","family":"Elapidae","genus":"Ophiophagus","parent_id":2469849,"is_extinct":false,"body_mass_g":null,"body_mass_g_min":null,"body_mass_g_max":null,"body_length_cm":null,"body_length_cm_min":null,"body_length_cm_max":null,"height_cm":null,"height_cm_min":null,"height_cm_max":null,"wingspan_cm":null,"wingspan_cm_min":null,"wingspan_cm_max":null,"lifespan_year":null,"lifespan_year_min":null,"lifespan_year_max":null,"gestation_day":null,"gestation_day_min":null,"gestation_day_max":null,"incubation_day":null,"incubation_day_min":null,"incubation_day_max":null,"litter_size":null,"litter_size_min":null,"litter_size_max":null,"habitat":[],"main_food":[],"size_class":null,"iucn_category":"VU","countries":["IN","TH","ID","MY","PH","VN","CN","MM","HK","NP","BT","NL","SG","LA","KH","BD","BN","DE","JP","NG","UA","US"],"primary_image":{"url":"https://creaturedata.com/media/95.jpg","width":1280,"height":960,"creator":"Max 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cobra","lang":"en","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Cobra royal","lang":"fr","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Königskobra","lang":"de","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Cobra-real","lang":"pt","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"koningscobra","lang":"nl","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"kungskobra","lang":"sv","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"キングコブラ","lang":"ja","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"眼镜王蛇","lang":"zh","region":null,"is_preferred":true,"source_release_id":"wikidata@2026-11-11"},{"name":"ملك 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1836","status":"synonym","source_release_id":"gbif@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Hamadryas ophiophagus","authorship":"Cantor, 1838","status":"synonym","source_release_id":"gbif@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Naja bungarus","authorship":"Schlegel, 1837","status":"synonym","source_release_id":"gbif@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Naja hannah","authorship":"(Cantor, 1836)","status":"synonym","source_release_id":"gbif@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Naja ingens","authorship":"Van Hasselt, 1882","status":"synonym","source_release_id":"gbif@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Naja vittata","authorship":"Elliott, 1840","status":"synonym","source_release_id":"gbif@2026-11-11"},{"name":"Ophiophagus elaps","authorship":"(Günther, 1858)","status":"synonym","source_release_id":"gbif@2026-11-11"}],"countries":[{"kind":"country","code":"IN","name":"India","slug":"india","establishment":null,"record_count":483,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"TH","name":"Thailand","slug":"thailand","establishment":null,"record_count":88,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"ID","name":"Indonesia","slug":"indonesia","establishment":null,"record_count":51,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"MY","name":"Malaysia","slug":"malaysia","establishment":null,"record_count":39,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"PH","name":"Philippines","slug":"philippines","establishment":null,"record_count":29,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"VN","name":"Vietnam","slug":"vietnam","establishment":null,"record_count":29,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"CN","name":"China","slug":"china","establishment":null,"record_count":19,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"MM","name":"Myanmar (Burma)","slug":"myanmar-burma","establishment":null,"record_count":17,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"HK","name":"Hong Kong SAR China","slug":"hong-kong-sar-china","establishment":null,"record_count":16,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"NP","name":"Nepal","slug":"nepal","establishment":null,"record_count":13,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"BT","name":"Bhutan","slug":"bhutan","establishment":null,"record_count":9,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"NL","name":"Netherlands","slug":"netherlands","establishment":null,"record_count":8,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"SG","name":"Singapore","slug":"singapore","establishment":null,"record_count":8,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"LA","name":"Laos","slug":"laos","establishment":null,"record_count":6,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"KH","name":"Cambodia","slug":"cambodia","establishment":null,"record_count":3,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"BD","name":"Bangladesh","slug":"bangladesh","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"BN","name":"Brunei","slug":"brunei","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"DE","name":"Germany","slug":"germany","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"JP","name":"Japan","slug":"japan","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"NG","name":"Nigeria","slug":"nigeria","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"UA","name":"Ukraine","slug":"ukraine","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"},{"kind":"country","code":"US","name":"United States","slug":"united-states","establishment":null,"record_count":1,"source_release_id":"gbif_occ@2026-11-11"}],"media":[{"id":95,"taxon_id":2469850,"kind":"image","original_url":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Ophiophagus_hannah_381373252.jpg","display_url":"https://creaturedata.com/media/95.jpg","width":1280,"height":960,"duration":null,"mime":"image/jpeg","licence":"CC0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","licence_tier":"green","share_alike":false,"creator":"Max Tibby","credit":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/381373252","attribution_text":"Max Tibby · CC0 · via Wikimedia Commons","source_id":"commons","source_record_id":"File:Ophiophagus hannah 381373252.jpg","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ophiophagus_hannah_381373252.jpg","sex":null,"life_stage":null,"quality_score":null,"is_primary":true,"display_ok":true,"stored_key":"95.jpg"}],"text_blocks":[{"lang":"en","section":"intro","body_text":"The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is a species complex of snakes endemic to Asia. With an average length of 3.18 to 4 m (10.4 to 13.1 ft) and a record length of 5.85 m (19.2 ft), it is the world's longest venomous snake and among the heaviest. Under the genus Ophiophagus, it is not phylogenetically a true cobra despite its common name and some resemblance. Spanning from the Indian subcontinent through Southeastern Asia to Southern China, the king cobra is widely distributed albeit not commonly seen. \nIndividuals have diversified colouration across its habitats, from black with white strips to unbroken brownish grey, although after taxonomic re-evaluation, it is no longer the sole member of its genus but is now a species complex; these differences in pattern and other aspects may cause the genus to be split into at least four species, spread across its large geographic range.\nIt chiefly hunts other snakes, including those of its own kind, although other lizards and rodents are also occasional prey. This is the only ophidian that constructs an above-ground nest for its eggs, which are purposefully and meticulously gathered and protected by the female throughout the incubation period. Typical threat display of this elapid includes neck-flap spreading, head raising, hissing and sometimes charging. Capable of striking at a considerable range and height with an immense venom yield, envenomation from this species may induce rapid onset of neurotoxic and cytotoxic symptoms, requiring prompt antivenom administration. Despite the fearsome reputation, aggression toward humans usually only arises from an individual inadvertently exposing itself or being cornered; encounters happen through chance, including negative interactions.\nThreatened by habitat destruction, it has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2010. Regarded as the national reptile of India, it has an eminent position in the mythology and folk traditions of India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.","source_id":"enwiki","source_url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_cobra","revision":1380854581,"licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","licence_tier":"amber","share_alike":true,"display_ok":true,"attribution":"Wikipedia contributors, “King cobra”","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"}],"external_ids":[{"source":"gbif","label":"GBIF","external_id":"2469850","url":"https://www.gbif.org/species/2469850","match_type":"exact_accepted","confidence":1},{"source":"wikidata","label":"Wikidata","external_id":"Q48186","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48186","match_type":"exact_accepted","confidence":1},{"source":"enwiki","label":"Wikipedia","external_id":"King cobra","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_cobra","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"ncbi","label":"NCBI Taxonomy","external_id":"8665","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=8665","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"itis","label":"ITIS","external_id":"700646","url":"https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=700646","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"eol","label":"Encyclopedia of Life","external_id":"1055746","url":"https://eol.org/pages/1055746","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1},{"source":"inaturalist","label":"iNaturalist","external_id":"30472","url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/30472","match_type":"external_id","confidence":1}],"sources":[{"source_id":"gbif","name":"GBIF Backbone Taxonomy","url":"https://www.gbif.org/dataset/d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"wikidata","name":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/","licence":"CC0 1.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","citation":"Wikidata contributors. Wikidata, the free knowledge base.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"gbif_occ","name":"GBIF occurrence aggregates (CC0 and CC BY records only)","url":"https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"GBIF.org occurrence search, country facet counts restricted to CC0 1.0 and CC BY 4.0 records.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"commons","name":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/","licence":"Per file","licence_url":null,"citation":"Wikimedia Commons contributors. Licence and creator recorded per file.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"enwiki","name":"English Wikipedia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","citation":"Wikipedia contributors. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.","release":"live API 2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"}]}