{"url":"https://creaturedata.com/animals/mealy-scale","data_as_of":"2026-11-11T18:36:58+00:00","schema_version":"0.1.0","summary":"The mealy scale (Icerya purchasi) is a species in the family Monophlebidae, order Hemiptera. Source checklists list it for 123 countries, including Albania, Algeria and Angola.","taxon":{"body_mass_g":null,"body_mass_g_min":null,"body_mass_g_max":null,"body_length_cm":null,"body_length_cm_min":null,"body_length_cm_max":null,"height_cm":null,"height_cm_min":null,"height_cm_max":null,"wingspan_cm":null,"wingspan_cm_min":null,"wingspan_cm_max":null,"lifespan_year":null,"lifespan_year_min":null,"lifespan_year_max":null,"gestation_day":null,"gestation_day_min":null,"gestation_day_max":null,"incubation_day":null,"incubation_day_min":null,"incubation_day_max":null,"litter_size":null,"litter_size_min":null,"litter_size_max":null,"litters_per_year":null,"litters_per_year_min":null,"litters_per_year_max":null,"maturity_day":null,"maturity_day_min":null,"maturity_day_max":null,"range_size_km2":null,"diet":null,"trophic_level":null,"migration":null,"lifestyle":null,"activity":null,"reproduction":null,"development":null,"habitat":[],"main_food":[],"microhabitat":[],"size_class":null,"authorship":"Maskell, 1879","preferred_common_name":"Mealy scale","common_names":[{"lang":"en","name":"Mealy scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"Australian bug"},{"lang":"en","name":"Australian fluted scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"Citrus fluted scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"Cottony cushion scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"Fluted scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"White scale"},{"lang":"af","name":"Australiese luis"},{"lang":"ar","name":"البق الدقيقى األسترالى"},{"lang":"ca","name":"Cotonet Acanalat"},{"lang":"cs","name":"perlovec zhoubný"},{"lang":"de","name":"Australische Sackschildlaus"},{"lang":"el","name":"Βαμβακάδα των εσπεριδοειδών"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama harinosa"},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille flûtée"},{"lang":"he","name":"izeriat haadaim"},{"lang":"it","name":"iceria di purchase"},{"lang":"ja","name":"イセリアカイガラムシ"},{"lang":"ko","name":"이세리아깍지벌레"},{"lang":"nl","name":"geribde djeroek-luis"},{"lang":"pl","name":"czerwiec biały"},{"lang":"pt","name":"pulgão branco"},{"lang":"ru","name":"Австралийский желобчатый червец"},{"lang":"sk","name":"červec perlový"},{"lang":"sv","name":"citrussköldlus"},{"lang":"tr","name":"torbali kosnil"},{"lang":"und","name":"iseriya-kaigaramushi"},{"lang":"zh","name":"吹棉蚧"},{"lang":"de","name":"Australische wollschildlaus"},{"lang":"es","name":"cóccido acanalado"},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla acanalada de los agrios"},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla algodonosa australiana"},{"lang":"es","name":"Cochinilla australiana"},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla blanca del naranjo"},{"lang":"es","name":"conchuela acanalada de los citricos"},{"lang":"es","name":"conchuela acanalada de los cítricos"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama algodonosa"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama algodonosa de los cítricos"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama australiana"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama lanigera"},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille australienne"},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille l’icerya"},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille pericerya"},{"lang":"he","name":"איצריית ההדרים"},{"lang":"it","name":"Cocciniglia cotonosa degli agrumi"},{"lang":"ja","name":"ワタフキカイガラムシ"},{"lang":"nl","name":"Australische wolschildluis"},{"lang":"nl","name":"witte geribde schildluis"},{"lang":"pt","name":"cochonilha australiana"},{"lang":"pt","name":"Cochonilha-canelada dos Citrinos"},{"lang":"pt","name":"cochonilhaicéria"},{"lang":"pt","name":"pulgao branco da laranjeira"},{"lang":"tr","name":"Torbalı Koşnil"},{"lang":"und","name":"cochinilla acanalada de Australia"}],"synonyms":["Acerya purchasi","Iceria purchasi","Icerya pulchasi","Icerya purchase","Icerya purchasi citriperda","Icerya purchasi crawii","Icerya purchasi maskelli","Pericerya purchasi","Peryceria purchasi","Perycerya purchasi","Preicerya purchsi","Ycerya purchasi"],"lineage":[{"id":4440701,"name":"Animalia","rank":"kingdom"},{"id":4440704,"name":"Arthropoda","rank":"phylum"},{"id":4440793,"name":"Insecta","rank":"class"},{"id":4441153,"name":"Hemiptera","rank":"order"},{"id":4450714,"name":"Monophlebidae","rank":"family"},{"id":4560091,"name":"Icerya","rank":"genus"}],"parent_id":4560091,"is_extinct":false,"groups":["insects"],"countries":["AL","AO","AR","AZ","BB","BD","BG","BM","BO","BS","CC","CD","CG","CH","CL","CN","CO","CR","CU","CV","CW","CX","CY","DE","DM","DO","DZ","EC","EG","ER","ES","ET","FJ","FM","FR","GE","GF","GI","GP","GR","GT","GU","GY","HK","HR","HT","HU","IL","IQ","IR","IT","JM","JO","JP","KE","KI","KN","KP","KR","KY","LB","LC","LK","LU","LY","MA","ME","MG","MH","MP","MQ","MS","MT","MU","MV","MW","MX","MY","MZ","NC","NF","NL","OM","PE","PF","PG","PK","PL","PR","PT","PW","PY","RO","RS","RU","SA","SB","SC","SD","SG","SH","SI","SK","SN","SO","SV","SY","TG","TH","TN","TO","TR","TT","TW","TZ","UG","UY","VE","VN","YE","ZA","ZM","ZW"],"iucn_category":null,"primary_image":null,"completeness_score":25,"popularity_score":56.58,"has_image":false,"has_audio":false,"has_description":false,"id":5522341,"rank":"species","slug":"mealy-scale","class":"Insecta","genus":"Icerya","order":"Hemiptera","col_id":"PSP4Q","family":"Monophlebidae","phylum":"Arthropoda","kingdom":"Animalia","wiki_langs":23,"environments":["terrestrial"],"scientific_name":"Icerya purchasi","taxonomic_status":"accepted","sci_slug":"icerya-purchasi"},"facts":{"body_mass_g":null,"body_mass_g_min":null,"body_mass_g_max":null,"body_length_cm":null,"body_length_cm_min":null,"body_length_cm_max":null,"height_cm":null,"height_cm_min":null,"height_cm_max":null,"wingspan_cm":null,"wingspan_cm_min":null,"wingspan_cm_max":null,"lifespan_year":null,"lifespan_year_min":null,"lifespan_year_max":null,"gestation_day":null,"gestation_day_min":null,"gestation_day_max":null,"incubation_day":null,"incubation_day_min":null,"incubation_day_max":null,"litter_size":null,"litter_size_min":null,"litter_size_max":null,"litters_per_year":null,"litters_per_year_min":null,"litters_per_year_max":null,"maturity_day":null,"maturity_day_min":null,"maturity_day_max":null,"range_size_km2":null,"diet":null,"trophic_level":null,"migration":null,"lifestyle":null,"activity":null,"reproduction":null,"development":null,"habitat":[],"main_food":[],"microhabitat":[],"size_class":null,"authorship":"Maskell, 1879","preferred_common_name":"Mealy scale","common_names":[{"lang":"en","name":"Mealy scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"Australian bug"},{"lang":"en","name":"Australian fluted scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"Citrus fluted scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"Cottony cushion scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"Fluted scale"},{"lang":"en","name":"White scale"},{"lang":"af","name":"Australiese luis"},{"lang":"ar","name":"البق الدقيقى األسترالى"},{"lang":"ca","name":"Cotonet Acanalat"},{"lang":"cs","name":"perlovec zhoubný"},{"lang":"de","name":"Australische Sackschildlaus"},{"lang":"el","name":"Βαμβακάδα των εσπεριδοειδών"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama harinosa"},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille flûtée"},{"lang":"he","name":"izeriat haadaim"},{"lang":"it","name":"iceria di purchase"},{"lang":"ja","name":"イセリアカイガラムシ"},{"lang":"ko","name":"이세리아깍지벌레"},{"lang":"nl","name":"geribde djeroek-luis"},{"lang":"pl","name":"czerwiec biały"},{"lang":"pt","name":"pulgão branco"},{"lang":"ru","name":"Австралийский желобчатый червец"},{"lang":"sk","name":"červec perlový"},{"lang":"sv","name":"citrussköldlus"},{"lang":"tr","name":"torbali kosnil"},{"lang":"und","name":"iseriya-kaigaramushi"},{"lang":"zh","name":"吹棉蚧"},{"lang":"de","name":"Australische wollschildlaus"},{"lang":"es","name":"cóccido acanalado"},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla acanalada de los agrios"},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla algodonosa australiana"},{"lang":"es","name":"Cochinilla australiana"},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla blanca del naranjo"},{"lang":"es","name":"conchuela acanalada de los citricos"},{"lang":"es","name":"conchuela acanalada de los cítricos"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama algodonosa"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama algodonosa de los cítricos"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama australiana"},{"lang":"es","name":"escama lanigera"},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille australienne"},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille l’icerya"},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille pericerya"},{"lang":"he","name":"איצריית ההדרים"},{"lang":"it","name":"Cocciniglia cotonosa degli agrumi"},{"lang":"ja","name":"ワタフキカイガラムシ"},{"lang":"nl","name":"Australische wolschildluis"},{"lang":"nl","name":"witte geribde schildluis"},{"lang":"pt","name":"cochonilha australiana"},{"lang":"pt","name":"Cochonilha-canelada dos Citrinos"},{"lang":"pt","name":"cochonilhaicéria"},{"lang":"pt","name":"pulgao branco da laranjeira"},{"lang":"tr","name":"Torbalı Koşnil"},{"lang":"und","name":"cochinilla acanalada de Australia"}],"synonyms":["Acerya purchasi","Iceria purchasi","Icerya pulchasi","Icerya purchase","Icerya purchasi citriperda","Icerya purchasi crawii","Icerya purchasi maskelli","Pericerya purchasi","Peryceria purchasi","Perycerya purchasi","Preicerya purchsi","Ycerya purchasi"],"lineage":[{"id":4440701,"name":"Animalia","rank":"kingdom"},{"id":4440704,"name":"Arthropoda","rank":"phylum"},{"id":4440793,"name":"Insecta","rank":"class"},{"id":4441153,"name":"Hemiptera","rank":"order"},{"id":4450714,"name":"Monophlebidae","rank":"family"},{"id":4560091,"name":"Icerya","rank":"genus"}],"parent_id":4560091,"is_extinct":false,"groups":["insects"],"countries":["AL","AO","AR","AZ","BB","BD","BG","BM","BO","BS","CC","CD","CG","CH","CL","CN","CO","CR","CU","CV","CW","CX","CY","DE","DM","DO","DZ","EC","EG","ER","ES","ET","FJ","FM","FR","GE","GF","GI","GP","GR","GT","GU","GY","HK","HR","HT","HU","IL","IQ","IR","IT","JM","JO","JP","KE","KI","KN","KP","KR","KY","LB","LC","LK","LU","LY","MA","ME","MG","MH","MP","MQ","MS","MT","MU","MV","MW","MX","MY","MZ","NC","NF","NL","OM","PE","PF","PG","PK","PL","PR","PT","PW","PY","RO","RS","RU","SA","SB","SC","SD","SG","SH","SI","SK","SN","SO","SV","SY","TG","TH","TN","TO","TR","TT","TW","TZ","UG","UY","VE","VN","YE","ZA","ZM","ZW"],"iucn_category":null,"primary_image":null,"completeness_score":25,"popularity_score":56.58,"has_image":false,"has_audio":false,"has_description":false,"id":5522341,"rank":"species","slug":"mealy-scale","class":"Insecta","genus":"Icerya","order":"Hemiptera","col_id":"PSP4Q","family":"Monophlebidae","phylum":"Arthropoda","kingdom":"Animalia","wiki_langs":23,"environments":["terrestrial"],"scientific_name":"Icerya purchasi","taxonomic_status":"accepted","sci_slug":"icerya-purchasi"},"trait_values":[],"conservation":[],"common_names":[{"lang":"en","name":"Mealy scale","is_preferred":true},{"lang":"en","name":"Australian bug","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"en","name":"Australian fluted scale","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"en","name":"Citrus fluted scale","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"en","name":"Cottony cushion scale","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"en","name":"Fluted scale","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"en","name":"White scale","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"af","name":"Australiese luis","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"ar","name":"البق الدقيقى األسترالى","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"ca","name":"Cotonet Acanalat","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"cs","name":"perlovec zhoubný","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"de","name":"Australische Sackschildlaus","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"el","name":"Βαμβακάδα των εσπεριδοειδών","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"escama harinosa","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille flûtée","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"he","name":"izeriat haadaim","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"it","name":"iceria di purchase","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"ja","name":"イセリアカイガラムシ","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"ko","name":"이세리아깍지벌레","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"nl","name":"geribde djeroek-luis","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"pl","name":"czerwiec biały","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"pt","name":"pulgão branco","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"ru","name":"Австралийский желобчатый червец","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"sk","name":"červec perlový","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"sv","name":"citrussköldlus","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"tr","name":"torbali kosnil","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"und","name":"iseriya-kaigaramushi","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"zh","name":"吹棉蚧","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"de","name":"Australische wollschildlaus","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"cóccido acanalado","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla acanalada de los agrios","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla algodonosa australiana","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"Cochinilla australiana","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"cochinilla blanca del naranjo","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"conchuela acanalada de los citricos","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"conchuela acanalada de los cítricos","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"escama algodonosa","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"escama algodonosa de los cítricos","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"escama australiana","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"es","name":"escama lanigera","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille australienne","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille l’icerya","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"fr","name":"cochenille pericerya","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"he","name":"איצריית ההדרים","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"it","name":"Cocciniglia cotonosa degli agrumi","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"ja","name":"ワタフキカイガラムシ","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"nl","name":"Australische wolschildluis","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"nl","name":"witte geribde schildluis","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"pt","name":"cochonilha australiana","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"pt","name":"Cochonilha-canelada dos Citrinos","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"pt","name":"cochonilhaicéria","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"pt","name":"pulgao branco da laranjeira","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"tr","name":"Torbalı Koşnil","is_preferred":false},{"lang":"und","name":"cochinilla acanalada de Australia","is_preferred":false}],"synonyms":[{"name":"Acerya purchasi","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Iceria purchasi","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Icerya pulchasi","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Icerya purchase","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Icerya purchasi citriperda","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Icerya purchasi crawii","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Icerya purchasi maskelli","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Pericerya purchasi","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Peryceria purchasi","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Perycerya purchasi","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Preicerya purchsi","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"},{"name":"Ycerya purchasi","authorship":null,"status":"synonym"}],"countries":[{"kind":"country","code":"AL","name":"Albania","slug":"albania","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"AO","name":"Angola","slug":"angola","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"AR","name":"Argentina","slug":"argentina","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"AZ","name":"Azerbaijan","slug":"azerbaijan","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"BB","name":"Barbados","slug":"barbados","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"BD","name":"Bangladesh","slug":"bangladesh","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"BG","name":"Bulgaria","slug":"bulgaria","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"BM","name":"Bermuda","slug":"bermuda","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"BO","name":"Bolivia","slug":"bolivia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"BS","name":"Bahamas","slug":"bahamas","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CC","name":"Cocos (Keeling) Islands","slug":"cocos-keeling-islands","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CD","name":"Congo - Kinshasa","slug":"congo-kinshasa","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CG","name":"Congo - Brazzaville","slug":"congo-brazzaville","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CH","name":"Switzerland","slug":"switzerland","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CL","name":"Chile","slug":"chile","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CN","name":"China","slug":"china","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CO","name":"Colombia","slug":"colombia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CR","name":"Costa Rica","slug":"costa-rica","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CU","name":"Cuba","slug":"cuba","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CV","name":"Cape Verde","slug":"cape-verde","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CW","name":"Curaçao","slug":"curacao","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CX","name":"Christmas Island","slug":"christmas-island","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"CY","name":"Cyprus","slug":"cyprus","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"DE","name":"Germany","slug":"germany","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"DM","name":"Dominica","slug":"dominica","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"DO","name":"Dominican Republic","slug":"dominican-republic","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"DZ","name":"Algeria","slug":"algeria","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"EC","name":"Ecuador","slug":"ecuador","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"EG","name":"Egypt","slug":"egypt","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"ER","name":"Eritrea","slug":"eritrea","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"ES","name":"Spain","slug":"spain","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"ET","name":"Ethiopia","slug":"ethiopia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"FJ","name":"Fiji","slug":"fiji","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"FM","name":"Micronesia","slug":"micronesia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"FR","name":"France","slug":"france","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"GE","name":"Georgia","slug":"georgia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"GF","name":"French Guiana","slug":"french-guiana","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"GI","name":"Gibraltar","slug":"gibraltar","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"GP","name":"Guadeloupe","slug":"guadeloupe","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"GR","name":"Greece","slug":"greece","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"GT","name":"Guatemala","slug":"guatemala","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"GU","name":"Guam","slug":"guam","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"GY","name":"Guyana","slug":"guyana","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"HK","name":"Hong Kong SAR China","slug":"hong-kong-sar-china","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"HR","name":"Croatia","slug":"croatia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"HT","name":"Haiti","slug":"haiti","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"HU","name":"Hungary","slug":"hungary","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"IL","name":"Israel","slug":"israel","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"IQ","name":"Iraq","slug":"iraq","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"IR","name":"Iran","slug":"iran","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"IT","name":"Italy","slug":"italy","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"JM","name":"Jamaica","slug":"jamaica","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"JO","name":"Jordan","slug":"jordan","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"JP","name":"Japan","slug":"japan","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"KE","name":"Kenya","slug":"kenya","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"KI","name":"Kiribati","slug":"kiribati","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"KN","name":"St. Kitts & Nevis","slug":"st-kitts-nevis","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"KP","name":"North Korea","slug":"north-korea","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"KR","name":"South Korea","slug":"south-korea","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"KY","name":"Cayman Islands","slug":"cayman-islands","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"LB","name":"Lebanon","slug":"lebanon","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"LC","name":"St. Lucia","slug":"st-lucia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"LK","name":"Sri Lanka","slug":"sri-lanka","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"LU","name":"Luxembourg","slug":"luxembourg","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"LY","name":"Libya","slug":"libya","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MA","name":"Morocco","slug":"morocco","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"ME","name":"Montenegro","slug":"montenegro","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MG","name":"Madagascar","slug":"madagascar","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MH","name":"Marshall Islands","slug":"marshall-islands","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MP","name":"Northern Mariana Islands","slug":"northern-mariana-islands","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MQ","name":"Martinique","slug":"martinique","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MS","name":"Montserrat","slug":"montserrat","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MT","name":"Malta","slug":"malta","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MU","name":"Mauritius","slug":"mauritius","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MV","name":"Maldives","slug":"maldives","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MW","name":"Malawi","slug":"malawi","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MX","name":"Mexico","slug":"mexico","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MY","name":"Malaysia","slug":"malaysia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"MZ","name":"Mozambique","slug":"mozambique","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"NC","name":"New Caledonia","slug":"new-caledonia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"NF","name":"Norfolk Island","slug":"norfolk-island","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"NL","name":"Netherlands","slug":"netherlands","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"OM","name":"Oman","slug":"oman","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PE","name":"Peru","slug":"peru","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PF","name":"French Polynesia","slug":"french-polynesia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PG","name":"Papua New Guinea","slug":"papua-new-guinea","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PK","name":"Pakistan","slug":"pakistan","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PL","name":"Poland","slug":"poland","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PR","name":"Puerto Rico","slug":"puerto-rico","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PT","name":"Portugal","slug":"portugal","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PW","name":"Palau","slug":"palau","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"PY","name":"Paraguay","slug":"paraguay","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"RO","name":"Romania","slug":"romania","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"RS","name":"Serbia","slug":"serbia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"RU","name":"Russia","slug":"russia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SA","name":"Saudi Arabia","slug":"saudi-arabia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SB","name":"Solomon Islands","slug":"solomon-islands","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SC","name":"Seychelles","slug":"seychelles","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SD","name":"Sudan","slug":"sudan","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SG","name":"Singapore","slug":"singapore","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SH","name":"St. Helena","slug":"st-helena","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SI","name":"Slovenia","slug":"slovenia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SK","name":"Slovakia","slug":"slovakia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SN","name":"Senegal","slug":"senegal","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SO","name":"Somalia","slug":"somalia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SV","name":"El Salvador","slug":"el-salvador","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"SY","name":"Syria","slug":"syria","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"TG","name":"Togo","slug":"togo","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"TH","name":"Thailand","slug":"thailand","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"TN","name":"Tunisia","slug":"tunisia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"TO","name":"Tonga","slug":"tonga","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"TR","name":"Türkiye","slug":"turkiye","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"TT","name":"Trinidad & Tobago","slug":"trinidad-tobago","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"TW","name":"Taiwan","slug":"taiwan","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"TZ","name":"Tanzania","slug":"tanzania","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"UG","name":"Uganda","slug":"uganda","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"UY","name":"Uruguay","slug":"uruguay","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"VE","name":"Venezuela","slug":"venezuela","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"VN","name":"Vietnam","slug":"vietnam","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"YE","name":"Yemen","slug":"yemen","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"ZA","name":"South Africa","slug":"south-africa","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"ZM","name":"Zambia","slug":"zambia","establishment":null,"record_count":0},{"kind":"country","code":"ZW","name":"Zimbabwe","slug":"zimbabwe","establishment":null,"record_count":0}],"media":[],"text_blocks":[],"external_ids":[{"source":"col","label":"Catalogue of Life","external_id":"PSP4Q","url":"https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/PSP4Q"}],"sources":[{"source_id":"amniote","name":"An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles","url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3563457.v1","licence":"CC0 1.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","citation":"Myhrvold, N.P., Baldridge, E., Chan, B., Sivam, D., Freeman, D.L. & Ernest, S.K.M. (2015) An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Ecology 96: 3109. https://doi.org/10.1890/15-0846R.1. Data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3563457.v1","release":"E096-269","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"amphibio","name":"AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits","url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4644424.v5","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"Oliveira, B.F., São-Pedro, V.A., Santos-Barrera, G., Penone, C. & Costa, G.C. (2017) AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits. Scientific Data 4: 170123. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.123. Data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4644424.v5","release":"v1","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"avonet","name":"AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds","url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16586228.v7","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"Tobias, J.A. et al. (2022) AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters 25: 581–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898. Data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16586228.v7","release":"v7","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"col_xr","name":"Catalogue of Life eXtended Release","url":"https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/316691","licence":"CC BY 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"Catalogue of Life (2026). Catalogue of Life eXtended Release, version 2026-10-16 XR. Catalogue of Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.48580/dgzlf","release":"2026-10-16 XR","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"commons","name":"Wikimedia Commons","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org","licence":"per file (CC0 / public domain / CC BY green, CC BY-SA amber, anything else not displayed)","licence_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Licensing","citation":"Wikimedia Commons contributors. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org (each file credited to its author under its own licence).","release":"2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"eltontraits","name":"EltonTraits 1.0: species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals","url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3559887.v1","licence":"CC0 1.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","citation":"Wilman, H., Belmaker, J., Simpson, J., de la Rosa, C., Rivadeneira, M.M. & Jetz, W. (2014) EltonTraits 1.0: Species-level foraging attributes of the world's birds and mammals. Ecology 95: 2027. https://doi.org/10.1890/13-1917.1. Data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.3559887.v1","release":"1.0","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"wikidata","name":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org","licence":"CC0 1.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","citation":"Wikidata contributors. Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org (data retrieved via the Wikidata Query Service).","release":"2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"},{"source_id":"wikipedia","name":"Wikipedia (English)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licence_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","citation":"Wikipedia contributors. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org (text under CC BY-SA 4.0; each block names its article and revision).","release":"2026-11-11","retrieved_at":"2026-11-11"}]}